Eid al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr and 'Eid al-Fitr ( Arabic : عيد الفطر) is the annual fixed break dets feast that ends the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan . The feast is often called Eid , which means "a recurring happiness or celebration joy". The celebration lasts for up to three to four days, of which it is the first day that is most important.
Eid al-Fitr is basically a religious ceremony, but it is also celebrated by Muslims who are not active believer or follow the religion's commandments, and large parts of the population as a whole in countries and regions where Islam is the majority religion .
Etymology
Eid
According to Arab lexicographers , the wordeid a derivation from the Arabic word stem -wd and means "the (periodically) recurring".Some researchers have regarded the ArabicEid as a loan word from the Semitic sister language, Aramaic . A related word occurs also in the Syriac - Ida , EDA and Ido - all of which means "feast, feast". The word occurs in the Qur'an's fifth sura (chapter) Al-Mâ'idah ( "The Spirit of the meal"), verse 114, where Jesus ( 'Isa ) asking for a heavenly meal, which some interpreters associated with the Christian Eucharist.
Fitr
The Arabic word Fitr means "breaking the fast". The word is akin to fitrah . According to the Qur'an sura 30 ( Ar-Rum , "Byzantines"), verse 30, is fitrah the original and inherent human "nature's norm" that every newborn child elements:
Other names for Eid al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr is often called the card for Eid and also for al-eid us-Saghir (Arabic: العيد الصغير) ( "the lesser eid"). It is called the "small" in comparison with the second of the two major annual Muslim holidays - Eid al-Adha , which is referred to as "the greater Eid".
In different languages
In Muslim countries the Eid al-Fitr by other names:
- Turkish : Seker Bayrami ( "sötsakernas party" after the sweets, such as baklava , which is traditionally served then) or Ramazan Bayrami ( "Ramadan feast")
- Bosnian : Bajram
- Persian: Eyde mobarak
Greetings
When Muslims greet each other on Eid al-Fitr they say in Arabic Eid Mubarak ( "Blessed Eid") or Eid Sa'eed ( "Happy Eid"), Turkishbayramınız Kutlu olsun ( "May your Bayramcelebrated"), Mutlu Bayramlar ( " happy Bayram ") or bayramınız Mubarek olsun (" may your Bayram be holy "or" may you get a holy bayram "). Bosnians greet each other withBajram Barić , srecno Bajram and Bajram serif Mubarek olsun . You can reply in Arabic: Allah wa rasuluhu , with a clear Bosnian pronunciation: Alah razuluh .
Religious Edicts and Rituals
Zakat - alms
Muslims are Eid al-Fitr reminded that they must pay zakat ( allmoseskatt ) to the needy.If the charity is not paid before the fasting month of Ramadan ends, it should be paid no later than the first day of the new month, and it is recommended to do this before the common eid- prayer.
This alms, zakat al fitr , the breadwinner ensure that escape of any person in the family, whether fast or not. The money collected by the local mosque , which forwards them to the poor anywhere in the world. You can also donate money directly to someone you know, it's hard, but then on the condition that the recipient knows that it is alms bestowed in connection with Eid al-Fitr.1998 was the zakat al-fitr at $ 40 per person. in 2008 it stood at $ 60 per person. In 2012 it had increased to 75 per family member.
Eid prayer
The prescribed time for the common eid-prayer is sometime between the sun will rise and that it is in the zenith.
Traditions and celebrations
Eid al-Fitr meal in Malaysia .
Fitr means "breaking the fast" and thus symbolizes the completion of both fasting all bad habits. It is a time when people are expected to ask for forgiveness and give forgiveness for any sins against his fellow man. The joyous celebration takes place along with family and friends. At the same time sees to the less fortunate by giving alms and organize charity fundraisers.
During the feast day is the typical Muslim family up early, taking on new formalwear and often go to special prayer meetings held in large mosques , in large open places or venues. After the special Eid prayer keeps the congregation's spiritual leader ( Imam ) a sermon ( Khutba ) where the congregation is reminded of the obligation to help the needy by paying zakat (alms).
The festivities will start after the prayers with visits to relatives and friends, and thanks to God ( Allah ). It is not unusual to honor the dead by visiting cemeteries and then readverses from the Koran and put flowers on the graves . Eid is also a time to get together and renew friendship and family ties. They hang out, eat good food and sweets. They give each other gifts, especially to children and young people. The children also run around the neighborhood door to door and wish everyone "Happy Bayram". For this they are rewarded with candy, chocolates, traditional sweets such as baklava and lokum (turkish delight), or Root. Monetary gifts in religiouscelebrations such as Eid al-Fitr is called'īdīyah (derived from the Arabic "id ," feast, feast "). There will also be sending each other greeting cards.
In different countries
Celebration described above is broadly typical of most Muslims. To this can be added various traditions, cuisine and circumstances differ among different Muslim groups.
UK
Eid al-Fitr is not an official holiday, but in areas with large Muslim populations (perhaps mainly in London , Birmingham , Leeds , Stokeand Bradford ) is usually normal schools and employers provide Muslims three days off.Muslims of Bangladeshi background celebrate Eid al-Fitr so that both men and women dress in traditional clothing. The men go to the mosque to perform Eid prayer. After that gather and greet relatives which serves traditional food such as samosa . After visits to and by the relatives made pulls young people away and spend for themselves. A tradition that emerged among people of Bangladeshi and Pakistani descent is "cruising ", ie going around with cars playing his loud music, and occasionally waving flags.
Turkey
"Love and be loved" - a bayramhälsning in the form of an illuminated sign between the two minarets of the Blue Mosque inIstanbul , Turkey.
The afternoon of last Ramadan and the first three days of the Muslim calendar tenth month; Shawwal, are official holidays inTurkey . Bayramfirandet are interspersed with national traditions and is celebrated by both religious and secular. All suits, however, to rest and visit relatives and friends. Home and streets are decorated and illuminated and neighborhood organize joint celebrations.Radio and television broadcast special bayramprogram with movies, music and speeches by celebrities and politicians.Charity Fundraisers, concerts and other entertainment organized.
Egypt
In Egypt it is celebrated up to four days in which preparations will start several days before. Famljen collected mostly in the parental home and enjoying a festive meal consisting of fish and hand out gifts to the children. Most people visit relatives and friends and gets invited for cake baked specially for the festival. It is common to give food and alms to the needy.
The procedure at the feast has some similarities with the Swedish Christmas.
Somalia
In Somalia served rice with meat and vegetables, and pasta with anjira , a thin bread. Half of that in Somalia has a looser texture than those from the Middle East and flavored with cardamom , served with special biscuits.
Iran
In Iran held prayers in mosques and in public places. It is customary to visit relatives and friends and often donated food to the needy and the alms due.
Iraq
In Iraq, eaten a breakfast made of cream frombuffalo milk with honey and bread. Lambs slaughtered at times at the moment and it is baked special dadelfyllda cakes.
South Asia
In Bangladesh , India and Pakistan called the night before Eid al-Fitr for chand raat , "moon night". It also refers to the celebration when family and friends gather in open spaces to behold the new moon. When sighted wishes to each other chaand Raat Mubarak , "have a blessed new moon night" or Eid Mubarak . City streets are festively decorated and families visit bazaars and shopping centers that remain open until late. Women, and especially young girls paint each other's hands withhenna and wearing colorful traditional bracelets, bangles . Desserts to be eaten the next day prepared. A special dish served during Eid al-Fitr is sivayyan consisting of roasted vermicelli (noodles in Asia are made of semolina) with milk and dried fruits, served first breakfast after fasting.
Southeast Asia
In Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore andBrunei served Ketupat , rice cooked in bundles of coconut leaves, and LEMANG , rice cooked with coconut milk in bamboo sticks served with rendang , a beef stew. At the Eid al-Fitr, a large movement of people from metropolitan areas to rural areas where people travel to their places of origin to celebrate the weekend with his parents. In these countries hold the celebration on for up to a month.
China
10 of China's 56 officially recognized ethnicgroups celebrate Eid al-Fitr, which corresponds to approximately 18 million people, according to official statistics . The feast is a public holiday in several regions , including the Ningxia and Xinjiang . In Xinjiang also involved the ethnic majority group Han Chinese in the celebration.Awarding of including halal -slaktat mutton to the poor provided by government agencies, public institutions and private institutions.
North America
In North America, the celebrations are relatively dimmed. The various Muslim groups use different methods to calculate the end of Ramadan and the beginning of Eid al-Fitr. Then days in advance can not be determined try working Muslims arrange as they have so easy days it goes, but many find it difficult to take time off throughout the day.Often, usually Muslims wake up early, eat a light breakfast and then visit the mosque.Since many of the Muslims are immigrants, they have brought with them different traditions from around the world.
Sweden
In Sweden there are two aggravating circumstances in the celebration of Eid al-Fitr.First, the Swedish Muslims generally very limited space in their community centers, which means that it often simply can not fit in a so here passport major holiday. First, many hard to get free. This is further complicated by an exact date for the Muslim holidays of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha is not possible to determine in advance as it depends on moon sightings. It can be of employers perceived as one only finds that there is a great feast to get an extra day off. Requests for a law that gives Muslims the right to take a day off in connection with the two Eid festivals have been of the Swedish Muslim Council , who raised the issue in the open letter to the political parties for the parliamentary elections in 1994 and 1998.
Larger celebrations can take place for example in sports halls . InGothenburg and Stockholm organized nowadays even public cultural events in the premises of World Culture and theStockholm Concert Hall.
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