Why India did not get NSG membership?

Here's Why India Is Desperate To Get Into NSG And Why Pakistan And China Are Against It

With Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) plenary meeting in Seoul ending today without India's membership being discussed, the China-Pakistan joint blockade of India's bid seems to have worked. At least till the plenary meets next year. But India's successful effort to convince the US, Russia, Mexico, Switzerland and other countries is seen as a diplomatic masterstroke the world over.

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But what exactly is NSG? Why India is throwing its weight to get an entry in this august gathering? And what benefits would India reap once included in NSG are the few questions that most Indians would like to know. So here are 8 things about NSG and India's inclusion in it.

1. What are the benefits India would get if it becomes a member?

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India's energy needs are immense and to fuel this, India ought to have access to NSG membership which would results in India getting low cost, clean nuclear energy to meet the demand. Today India's energy needs are met by conventional fuels like petrol, diesel, and coal which emit green house gases, making India one of the major emitters of green house gases. NSG membership would allow India to buy nuclear energy from other countries which is a clean clean source of energy. NSG membership would also put India on a firmer footing to propose the idea of plutonium trade for its thorium programme that has been waiting in the wings. An early adoption of thorium technology would give India enormous energy independence and security.

2. But what is NSG?

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NSG is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of two sets of guidelines for nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports. 

3. Who can become NSG member?

The main condition to become an NSG member is that the country which seeks to become a member has to be signatory of the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The NSG guidelines for member states also says that any transfer of nuclear technology will be authorised only on the condition that such a deal will not lead to the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

4. Is India signatory to NPT?

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No. India hasn't and that's the argument on which China has halted India's bid in NSG. Although other countries like US, Russia, Britain, France, Mexico and several other western countries have supported India's bid owing to India clean track record to nuclear energy and its trade.

5. So, how can India become a member?

India's argument rests on the clean track record it has when it comes to proliferation of nuclear technology. Unlike Pakistan which has allegedly sold nuclear technology to countries like North Korea, India has never shared its nuclear technology with any country or other non-state actors. Therefore, despite not being the signatory to the NPT, most of the member states in NSG are supporting India's bid to be a member.

6. Who supports India?

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India has garnered a lot of support for its inclusion in NSG. "We believe, and this has been US policy for some time, that India is ready for membership and the United States calls on participating governments to support India's application at the plenary session of Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)," said White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest while backing India's bid. US has also requested other countries to back India. Among those who have publicly backed India’s bid are Mexico, France, Switzerland, Russia, Japan, UK and Canada.

7. Who oppose India's bid?

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Anticipating who's in opposition to India's bid doesn't require much effort. Our arch foe Pakistan and its all-weather friends China are key nations opposing India bid. China's argument rests on India not being the signatory to NPT. China also hails Pakistan's bid owing to the argument that if India despite not being signatory to NPT qualifies to be member, Pakistan should also be treated on similar lines. Other countries opposing India's bid are New Zealand, Turkey, Ireland and South Africa.

8. Why China can't be avoided?

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China's nod is crucial. In fact to be member, India will have to have a unanimous support from all 48 members. Another reason to this is that NSG was set up in 1975 in response to India's own clandestine nuclear test in 1974, which made New Delhi something of a pariah in the West.

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