Regional industries
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Assamese cinema
Main article: Cinema of Assam
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The Assamese language film industry traces its origins works of revolutionary visionary Rupkonwar Jyotiprasad Agarwala, who was also a distinguished poet, playwright, composer and freedom fighter. He was instrumental in the production of the first Assamese filmJoymati[158] in 1935, under the banner of Critrakala Movietone. Due to the lack of trained technicians, Jyotiprasad, while making his maiden film, had to shoulder the added responsibilities as the script writer, producer, director, choreographer, editor, set and costume designer, lyricist and music director. The film, completed with a budget of 60,000 rupees was released on 10 March 1935. The picture failed miserably. Like so many early Indian films, the negatives and complete prints of Joymati are missing. Some effort has been made privately by Altaf Mazid to restore and subtitle whatever is left of the prints. [3] Despite the significant financial loss from Joymati, the second picture Indramalati was filmed between 1937 and 1938 finally released in 1939. The beginning of the 21st century has seen Bollywood-style Assamese movies hitting the screen.[159]
Bengali cinema
Main article: Cinema of West Bengal
The Bengali language cinematic tradition of Tollygunge located in West Bengal has had reputable filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen among its most acclaimed.[160] Recent Bengali films that have captured national attention includeRituparno Ghosh's Choker Bali, starringAishwarya Rai.[161] Bengali filmmaking also includes Bengali science fictionfilms and films that focus on social issues.[162] In 1993, the Bengali industry's net output was 57 films.[163]
The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s, when the first "bioscopes" were shown in theatres inKolkata. Within a decade, the first seeds of the industry was sown by Hiralal Sen, considered a stalwart of Victorian eracinema when he set up the Royal Bioscope Company, producing scenes from the stage productions of a number of popular shows at the Star Theatre, Calcutta, Minerva Theatre, Classic Theatre. Following a long gap after Sen's works, Dhirendra Nath Ganguly (Known as D.G.) established Indo British Film Co, the first Bengali owned production company, in 1918. However, the first Bengali Feature film, Billwamangal, was produced in 1919, under the banner ofMadan Theatre. Bilat Ferat was the IBFC's first production in 1921. TheMadan Theatres production of Jamai Shashthi was the first Bengali talkie.[164]
In 1932, the name "Tollywood" was coined for the Bengali film industry due to Tollygunge rhyming with "Hollywood" and because it was the center of the Indian film industry at the time. It later inspired the name "Bollywood", as Mumbai (then called Bombay) later overtook Tollygunge as the center of the Indian film industry, and many otherHollywood-inspired names.[165] The 'Parallel Cinema' movement began in the Bengali film industry in the 1950s. A long history has been traversed since then, with stalwarts such as Satyajit Ray,Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak and others having earned international acclaim and securing their place in the history of filmand actors like Uttam Kumar andSoumitra Chatterjee were the greatest actor in Bengali flim industry.
Brijbhasha cinema
Main article: Brijwood
Braj Bhasha language films present Brij culture to people who is mainly a rural tongue currently, predominant in the nebulous Braj region centred aroundMathura, Agra, Aligarh & Hathras inWestern Uttar Pradesh and Bharatpur & Dholpur in Rajasthan. It is the predominant language in the central stretch of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab inUttar Pradesh.The very first Brij Bhashamovie produced in India was film Brij Bhoomi (1982) which was a success throughout the country.[166] made by actor,producer & director Shiv Kumar in banner of "Ocaon Movies",[167] Later time Brij Bhasha cinema has seen the production of some films like Jamuna Kinare, Brij Kau Birju, Bhakta Surdas,Jesus.[168][169] Presents culture of Brij in films Krishna Tere Desh Main(Hindi),Kanha Ki Braj Bhumi,[170]Brij ki radha dwarika ke shyam[171]Bawre Nain.,[172]
Bhojpuri cinema
Main article: Bhojpuri cinema
Bhojpuri language films predominantly cater to people who live in the regions of western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh. These films also have a large audience of like in the cities of Delhi and Mumbai due to migration to these metros from the Bhojpuri speaking region. Besides India, there is a large market for these films in other bhojpuri speaking countries of the West Indies, Oceania, and South America.[173]Bhojpuri language film's history begins in 1962 with the well-received filmGanga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo("Mother Ganges, I will offer you a yellow sari"), which was directed by Kundan Kumar.[174] Throughout the following decades, films were produced only in fits and starts. Films such as Bidesiya("Foreigner," 1963, directed by S. N. Tripathi) and Ganga ("Ganges," 1965, directed by Kundan Kumar) were profitable and popular, but in general Bhojpuri films were not commonly produced in the 1960s and 1970s.
The industry experienced a revival in 2001 with the super hit Saiyyan Hamar("My Sweetheart," directed by Mohan Prasad), which shot the hero of that film, Ravi Kissan, to superstardom.[175] This success was quickly followed by several other remarkably successful films, including Panditji Batai Na Biyah Kab Hoi("Priest, tell me when I will marry," 2005, directed by Mohan Prasad) and Sasura Bada Paisa Wala ("My father-in-law, the rich guy," 2005). In a measure of the Bhojpuri film industry's rise, both of these did much better business in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar than mainstream Bollywood hits at the time, and both films, made on extremely tight budgets, earned back more than ten times their production costs.[176]Although a smaller industry compared to other Indian film industries, the extremely rapid success of their films has led to dramatic increases in Bhojpuri cinema's visibility, and the industry now supports an awards show[177] and a trade magazine, Bhojpuri City.[178]
Chhattisgarhi cinema
Main article: Chhollywood
Chhollywood was born in 1965 with the first Chhattisgarhi film Kahi Debe Sandesh ("In Black and White") directed and produced by Manu Nayak was released.[179] It was a story of intercastelove and it is said that former Indian Prime minister Indira Gandhi watched the movie.[citation needed] Naidu[who?] wrote the lyrics for the film,[180] and two songs of the movie were sung by Indian singerMohammad Rafi. Then came the next, Niranjan Tiwari's directed Ghar Dwar in 1971, produced by Vijay Kumar Pandey. However, both movies did not do well at the box office, and disappointed the producers. No movie was produced[clarification needed] for nearly 30 years thereafter.[181]
Gujarati cinema
Main article: Gujarati cinema
Before the arrival of talkies, there were several silent films which were closely related with Gujarati people and culture before advent of talkies. Many film directors, producers and actors who are associated with silent films were Gujarati and Parsi. There were twenty leading film company and studios owned by Gujaratis between 1913 and 1931. They were mostly located inBombay (now Mumbai). There were at least forty-four leading Gujarati directors during this period.[182]
The Gujarati cinema dates back to 9 April 1932, when the first Gujarati filmNarsinh Mehta was released.[182][183][184]Leeludi Dharti (1968) was the first colour film of Gujarati cinema.[185] After flourishing through the 1960s to 1980s, the industry saw a decline. The industry is revived in recent times. The film industry has produced more than one thousand films since its inception.[186] In 2005, the Government of Gujaratannounced 100% entertainment tax exemption for Gujarati films.[187]
Gujarati cinema is chiefly based on scripts from mythology to history and social to political. Since its origin Gujarati cinema has experimented with stories and issues from the Indian society. The films are generally targeted at rural audience but after recent revival also caters audience with urban subjects.[182]
Hindi cinema
Main article: Bollywood
The Hindi language film industry of Mumbai—also known as [188] Bollywood—is the largest and most powerful branch that controls Indian cinema.[189]Hindi cinema initially explored issues of caste and culture in films such asAchhut Kanya (1936) and Sujata(1959).[190] International visibility came to the industry with Raj Kapoor's Awaraand later in Shakti Samantha's Aradhanastarring Rajesh Khanna and Sharmila Tagore.[191] Hindi cinema grew during the 1990s with the release of as many as 215 films.
In 1995 the Indian economy began showing sustainable annual growth, and Hindi cinema, as a commercial enterprise, grew at a growth rate of 15% annually.[23] The salary of lead stars increased greatly. Many actors signed contracts for simultaneous work in 3–4 films.[24] Institutions such as theIndustrial Development Bank of Indiaalso came forward to finance Hindi films.[24] A number of magazines such as Filmfare, Stardust, Cineblitz, etc., became popular.[192]
The audience's reaction towards Hindi cinema is distinctive with involvement in the films by audience's clapping, singing, reciting familiar dialogue with the actors.[193]
Kannada cinema
Main article: Sandalwood
Kannada film industry, also referred asSandalwood, is based in Bengaluru and caters mostly to the state of Karnataka.Rajkumar was eminent in Kannada film industry. In his career, he performed versatile characters and sung hundreds of songs for film and albums. Other notable Kannada and Tulu actors include Vishnuvardhan, Ambarish,Ravichandran, Girish Karnad, Prakash Raj, Shankar Nag, Ananth Nag, Upendra,Darshan, Sudeep, Ganesh, Shivaraj Kumar, Puneet Rajkumar, Kalpana, Bharathi, Jayanthi, Pandari Bai, Tara,Umashri and Ramya.
Film directors from the Kannada film industry like Girish Kasaravalli,P.Sheshadri have garnered national recognition. Other noted directors include Puttanna Kanagal, G. V. Iyer,Girish Karnad, T. S. Nagabharana, Kesari Harvoo, Upendra, Yograj Bhat, Soori.G.K. Venkatesh, Vijaya Bhaskar, Rajan-Nagendra, Hamsalekha, Gurukiran,Anoop Seelin and V. Harikrishna are other noted music directors.
Kannada cinema, along with Bengali and Malayalam films, contributed simultaneously to the age of Indianparallel cinema. Some of the influential Kannada films in this genre areSamskara (based on a novel by U. R. Ananthamurthy), Chomana Dudi by B. V. Karanth, Tabarana Kathe, Vamshavruksha,Kadu Kudure, Hamsageethe, Bhootayyana Maga Ayyu, Accident, Maanasa Sarovara,Ghatashraddha, Tabarana Kathe, Mane,Kraurya, Thaayi Saheba, Dweepa, Munnudi,Atithi, Beru, Thutturi, Vimukthi, Bettada Jeeva, Bharath Stores.
The Government Film and Television Institute, Bangalore (formerly a part of S.J.Polytechnic) is believed as the first government institute in India to start technical courses related to films. Legends like V K Murthy, Govind Nihalani etc. passed out from this institute.[194]
Konkani cinema
Main article: Konkani cinema
Konkani language films are mainly produced in Goa. It is one of the smallest film industries in India with just 4 films produced in 2009.[195] Konkani language is spoken mainly in the states of Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka and to a smaller extent in Kerala. The first full length Konkani film was Mogacho Anvddo, released on 24 April 1950, and was produced and directed by Jerry Braganza, a native of Mapusa, under the banner of Etica Pictures.[196][197] Hence, 24 April is celebrated as Konkani Film Day.[198] Karnataka is the hub of a good number of Konkani speaking people. There is an immense Konkani literature and art in Karnataka. Several films have been noted among the Karnataka Konkani folks. Kazar (English: Marriage) is a 2009 Konkani film directed by Richard Castelino and produced by Frank Fernandes. Konkani Movie 'Ujvaadu' – Shedding New Light on Old Age Issues. The director and producer of the Konkani film "Ujvaadu", Kasaragod Chinna, whose stage name is Sujeer Srinivas Rao. The pioneering Mangalorean Konkani Film is Mog Ani Maipas.
Malayalam cinema
Main article: Malayalam cinema
The Malayalam film industry, also known as Mollywood, is based in Kerala. It is considered to be the fourth largest among the film industries in India. Malayalam film industry is known for films that bridge the gap betweenparallel cinema and mainstream cinema by portraying thought-provoking social issues with top notch technical perfection but with low budgets. Filmmakers include Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Shaji N. Karun, G. Aravindan, K. G. George, Padmarajan,Sathyan Anthikad, T. V. Chandran andBharathan.
Vigathakumaran, a silent movie released in 1928 produced and directed by J. C. Daniel, marked the beginning of Malayalam cinema.[199] Balan, released in 1938, was the first Malayalam "talkie".[200][201] Malayalam films were mainly produced by Tamil producers till 1947, when the first major film studio,Udaya Studio, was established in Kerala.[202] In 1954, the film Neelakkuyilcaptured national interest by winning the President's silver medal. Scripted by the well-known Malayalam novelist, Uroob, and directed by P. Bhaskaran and Ramu Kariat, it is often considered as the first authentic Malayali film.[203] Newspaper Boy, made by a group of students in 1955, was the first neo-realistic film in Malayalam.[204] Chemmeen (1965), directed by Ramu Kariat and based on a story by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, went on to become immensely popular, and became the first South Indian film to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film.[205]
The period from late 1980s to early 1990s is popularly regarded as the 'Golden Age of Malayalam Cinema'[206]with the emergence of actors Mohanlal,Mammootty, Suresh Gopi, Jayaram,Murali, Thilakan and Nedumudi Venuand filmmakers such as I.V. Sasi,Bharathan, Padmarajan, K. G. George,Sathyan Anthikad, Priyadarshan, A. K. Lohithadas, Siddique-Lal, T. K. Rajeev Kumar and Sreenivasan. In 2014, the total number of Malayalam movies released were-1251
Marathi cinema
Main article: Marathi cinema
Marathi cinema is the films produced in the Marathi language in the state of Maharashtra, India. Marathi Cinema is one of the oldest industry in Indian Cinema. In fact the pioneer of cinema in Union of India was Dadasaheb Phalke, who brought the revolution of moving images to India with his first indigenously made silent film Raja Harishchandra in 1913, which is considered by IFFI and NIFD part of Marathi cinema as it was made by a Marathi crew.
The first Marathi talkie film, Ayodhyecha Raja (produced by Prabhat Films) was released in 1932, just one year after "Alam Ara" the first Hindi talkie film. Marathi cinema has grown in recent years, with two of its films, namely "Shwaas" (2004) and "Harishchandrachi Factory" (2009), being sent as India's official entries for the Oscars. Today the industry is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, but it sprouted and grew first from Kolhapur and then Pune.
There are many marathi movies, the list of best films in Marathi will be very big very few can be named like 'Sangte Aika','Ek Gaon Bara Bhangadi,'Pinjara' ofV. Shantaram,'Sinhasan', 'Pathlaag' 'Jait Re Jait' 'Saamana', Santh Wahate Krishnamai','Sant Tukaram','Shyamchi Aai' by Pralhad Keshav Atre, based on Sane Guruji's best novel Shamchi Aai, and so on. Maharashtra has immense contribution to Bollywood as several Maharashtrian actors have brought glamour to the Indian film industry. Marathi film industry has included the work of actors including Nutan, Tanuja,V Shantaram, Shriram Lagoo, Ramesh Deo and Seema Deo, Nana Patekar,Smita Patil, Madhuri Dixit, Sonali Kulkarni, Sonali Bendre, Urmila Matondkar, Reema Lagoo, Lalita Pawar,Mamta Kulkarni, Nanda, Padmini Kolhapure, Sadashiv Amrapurkar, Sachin Khedekar, Durga Khote, and others.
Odia cinema
Main article: Cinema of Odisha
The Odia Film Industry is theBhubaneswar and Cuttack based Odia language film industry. Sometimes called Ollywood a portmanteau of the words Odia and Hollywood, although the origins of the name are disputed.[207]The first Odia talkie Sita Bibaha was made by Mohan Sunder Deb Goswami in 1936. Shreeram panda, Prashanta Nanda, Uttam Mohanty, Bijay Mohanty started the revolution in the Oriya film industry by not only securing a huge audience but also bringing in a newness in his presentation. His movies heralded in the golden era of the Odia commercial industry by bringing in freshness to Odia movies.[208] Then the first color film was made by Nagen Ray and photographed by a Pune Film Institute trained cinematographer Surendra Sahu titled "Gapa Hele Be Sata"- meaning although it is a story, it is true. But the golden phase of Odia Cinema was 1984 when two Odia films 'Maya Miriga' and 'Dhare Alua' was showcased in 'Indian Panorama' and Nirad Mohapatra's 'Maya Miriga' was invited for the 'Critics Week' in Cannes. The film received 'Best Third World Film' award at Mannheim Film Festival, Jury Award at Hawaii and was shown at London Film Festival.
Punjabi cinema
Main article: Punjabi cinema
K.D. Mehra made the first Punjabi filmSheela (also known as Pind di Kudi). Baby Noor Jehan was introduced as an actress and singer in this film. Sheila was made in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and released in Lahore, the capital of Punjab; it ran very successfully and was a hit across the province. Due to the success of this first film many more producers started making Punjabi films. As of 2009, Punjabi cinema has produced between 900 and 1,000 movies. The average number of releases per year in the 1970s was nine; in the 1980s, eight; and in the 1990s, six. In 1995, the number of films released was 11; it plummeted to seven in 1996 and touched a low of five in 1997. Since the 2000s the Punjabi cinema has seen a revival with more releases every year featuring bigger budgets, home grown stars as well as Bollywood actors of Punjabi descent taking part.[209] Manny Parmar made the first 3D Punjabi film,Pehchaan 3D, which released in 2013. ///
Sindhi cinema
Main article: Sindhi cinema
Though Striving hard to survive, mainly because not having a state or region to represent, Sindhi film industry has been producing movies in intervals of time. The very first Sindhi movie produced in India was 1958 film Abana which was a success throughout the country. In the later time Sindhi cinema has seen the production of some Bollywood style films like Hal ta Bhaji Haloon, Parewari, Dil Dije Dil Waran Khe, Ho Jamalo, Pyar Kare Dis: Feel the Power of Love and The Awakening. There are a numerous personalities from Sindhi descent who have been and are contributing in Bollywood G P Sippy, Ramesh Sippy,Nikhil Advani, Tarun Mansukhani, Ritesh Sidhwani, Asrani and many more.
Sherdukpen cinema
Director Songe Dorjee Thongdok introduced the first ever Indian film in the language of Sherdukpen with his film Crossing Bridges in 2014. The language and cinema is native of the north-eastern state Arunachal Pradesh. Dorjee is planning on making future films in the same language, contributing one more regional dialect to the world of Indian cinema.[210]
Tamil cinema
Main article: Kollywood
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M G Ramachandran, popularly known as MGR
The city once served as a base for allSouth Indian films and to date remains South India's largest film production centre.[211]
Sivaji Ganesan became India's first ever actor to receive an international award when he won the "Best Actor" award at the Afro-Asian film festival in 1960 and was awarded the title of Chevalier in theLegion of Honour by the French Government in 1995.[87] Tamil cinema is also influenced by Dravidian politics,[88]with prominent film personalities like C N Annadurai, M G Ramachandran, M Karunanidhi and Jayalalithaa becomingChief Ministers of Tamil Nadu.[89] Tamil films are distributed to various parts of Asia, Southern Africa, Northern America, Europe and Oceania.[212] The industry has inspired Tamil film-making in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and Canada.K. B. Sundarambal was the first film personality to enter a state legislature in India.[213] She was also the first person in the Indian film industry to command a salary of one lakh rupees.
Rajnikanth is referred to as "Superstar" and has since continued to hold amatinee idol status in the popular culture of South India.[214] His mannerisms and stylised delivery of dialogue in films contribute to his mass popularity and appeal.[214] After earning₹26 crore (US$4.1 million) for his role inSivaji (2007), he became the highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan. Kamal Haasan made his debut in Kalathur Kannamma for which he won the President's Gold Medal for Best Child Actor. Haasan is tied with Mammoottyand Amitabh Bachchan for the most Best Actor National Film Awards with three. With seven submissions, Kamal Haasan has starred in the highest number of films submitted India for the Academy Award Best Foreign Language Film.
In Tamil films Music and songs play an important role. Critically acclaimed composers such as Ilaiyaraaja and A. R. Rahman having "international following" belong to Tamil cinema.
Telugu cinema
Main article: Telugu cinema
The highest number of theaters in India are located in the Indian states ofAndhra Pradesh and Telangana, home toTollywood, which produce primarily films in the Telugu language. A total of 2809 theaters are located in these regions out of the 10,167 theaters still running across the nation.[215][216]Ramoji Film City, which holds theGuinness World Record for the world's largest film production facility, is located in Hyderabad, India, the hub of Telugu cinema.[217] The Prasad's IMAX, also located in Hyderabad, is the world's largest 3D IMAX Screen[146][147] and it is also the most attended screen in the world.[148] Hyderabad is the only city in India that has six functional film studios.
Vuppaladadiyam Nagayya, first multilingual film actor, singer, music composer, producer and director in South India to be honoured with thePadma Shri.[218] He was known as the Paul Muni of India in the media.[40][219]
In 2002, the Guinness Book of Records named Vijaya Nirmala as the female director with most number of films. In a career spanning approximately two decades, she has produced 15 films, directed 47 films, and acted in over 200 films, with 25 each in Malayalam and Tamil.[220] Telugu actor Brahmanandamholds the Guinness World Record for acting in the most number of films in a single language.[29][217][221][222] Movie producer D.Rama Naidu holds theGuinness World Record as the most prolific producer with 130 films.[223]
Play back singer S. P. Balasubramanyam holds the Guinness World Record of having sung the most number of songs for any male playback singer in the world, most majority of his songs were sung in Telugu.[224][225][226]S. Janaki has sung over 30,000 songs and won 4 national awards.
Play back singer S. P. Balasubramanyam holds the Guinness World Record of having sung the most number of songs for any male playback singer in the world, most majority of his songs were sung in Telugu.[224][225][226]S. Janaki has sung over 30,000 songs and won 4 national awards.
S. V. Ranga Rao is one of the first Indian actors of the time to receive international award at Indonesian Film Festival, held in Jakarta for Narthanasalain 1963.[227] N. T. Rama Rao was one of the most commercially successful Telugu actors of his time.[228] B. Narsing Rao, K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their pioneering work inParallel Cinema.[229][230] Adurthi Subba Rao, has garnered ten National Film Awards, the highest individual awards in Telugu cinema, for his pioneering work as a director.[231]
S. V. Ranga Rao, N. T. Rama Rao, Kanta Rao, Bhanumathi Ramakrishna, Savitri,Gummadi and Sobhan Babu are the actors who received the erstwhileRashtrapati Award for best performance in a leading role.[232][233] Sharada,Archana, Vijayashanti, Rohini, Nagarjuna Akkineni, and P. L. Narayana are the actors to receive the National Film Award for best performance in acting from this industry. Chiranjeevi, was listed among "The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by IBN-liveIndia.[234][235]
In the years 2005, 2006 and 2008 theTelugu Film industry produced the largest number of films in India exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood, with 268, 245 and 286 films in each year respectively.[236][237]
Tulu cinema
Tulu film industry is a part of Indian cinema. It produces 2 to 3 films annually. The first film being Enna Thangadi released in 1971. Usually these films are released in theatres across the Tulu Nadu region and on DVD.[238] The critically acclaimed Tulu Film Suddha, won the award for the best Indian Film at the Osian film festival held at New Delhi in the year 2006.[239][240][241] Oriyardori Asalreleased in 2011 is the most successful Tulu film till date.[242]
- The first Tulu film is Enna Thangadireleased in 1971.
- Dareda Budedi produced by K.N. Taylor was the second feature film released in 1971.
- Koti Chennaya (1973) directed by Vishu Kumar was the first history-based Tulu cinema.
- The first Tulu colour film Kariyani Kattandi Kandani was produced in 1978 by Aroor Bhimarao.
- Bisatti Babu produced in 1972 was the first film to receive the State government award as the best Tulu film.
- Bangar Patler produced in 1993 by Richard Castelino has won the highest national and international awards.
- September 8, directed by Richard Castelino, starring Kannada actor Sunil and Kannada writer, K Shivaram Karanth was shot in 24 hours entirely in Mangalore, a record in the world cinema.
- Sudda won the award for the best Indian film at the eighth Asian Film Festival "Ocean - Cinefan"[243]
- Nirel directed by Ranjith Bajpe, produced by Shodhan Prasad and co produced by San Poojary will be the first Tulu movie totally produced overseas.
- Rambarooti is an upcoming Tulu language film directed by Prajwal Kumar Attavar Starring Vj Vineeth,Chirashri Anchan in lead roles and Shruthi Kotyan, Sandesh Shetty Saanu, Shanil Guru, Shabharish Hebbar, Harish Shetty, Nagaraj Attavar, Ananth Upadhyaya, Arpith Adyar, Vivek Gowda, Santhosh Shenoy, Trishanth, Vidya, Saumya poojary in supporting roles.The movie has been produced by Prakash Kabettu and Srinivas Ujire under the banner of Opera Dream movies. The song "Yenchi Saav Ya" is the first Tulu RAP Song. The innovative and incredibly catchy song by the name ‘Yenchi Saav Ya’ (which means what the heck) is the part of an upcoming film ‘Rambarooti’ directed by Prajwal Kumar Attavar.
Genres and styles
Masala films
Main article: Masala (film genre)
Masala is a style of Indian cinema, especially in Bollywood, Cinema of West Bengal and South Indian films, in which there is a mix of various genres in one film. For example, a film can portrayaction, comedy, drama, romance andmelodrama all together. Many of these films also tend to be musicals, including songs filmed in picturesque locations, which is now very common in Bollywood films. Plots for such movies may seem illogical and improbable to unfamiliar viewers. The genre is named after themasala, a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine.
Parallel cinema
Main article: Parallel Cinema
Parallel Cinema, also known as Art Cinema or the Indian New Wave, is a specific movement in Indian cinema, known for its serious content of realism and naturalism, with a keen eye on the social-political climate of the times. This movement is distinct from mainstream Bollywood cinema and began around the same time as the French New Wave andJapanese New Wave. The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema (which has produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, and others) and then gained prominence in the other film industries of India. Some of the films in this movement have garnered commercial success, successfully straddling art and commercial cinema. An early example of this was Bimal Roy's Two Acres of Land(1953), which was both a commercial success and a critical success, winning the International Prize at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival. The film's success paved the way for the Indian New Wave.[68][69][244]
The neo-realist filmmakers were the Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray, closely followed by Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen,Shyam Benegal, Shaji N.Karun, Adoor Gopalakrishnan[64] and Girish Kasaravalli[245] Ray's films include The Apu Trilogy, consisting of Pather Panchali(1955), Aparajito (1956) and The World of Apu (1959). The three films won major prizes at the Cannes, Berlin and Venice Film Festivals, and are frequently listed among the greatest films of all time.[96][97][246][247]
Film production house
Bollywood Production Houses Logo
There are more than 1000 production houses in the Indian film industry, but few have managed to be successful in the market. Such production houses have helped Indian cinema reach an international platform, releasing films and distributing them to audiences overseas. Some well-known production houses in the Indian film industry include Yash Raj Films, Red Chillies Entertainment, Dharma Productions,Eros International, Balaji Motion Pictures, UTV Motion Pictures, andGeetha Arts.[248]
Film music
See also: Filmi
Music in Indian cinema is a substantial revenue generator, with the music rights alone accounting for 4–5% of the net revenues generated by a film in India.[24]The major film music companies of India are Saregama, Sony Music etc.[24]Commercially, film music accounts for 48% India's net music sales.[24] A typical Indian film may have around 5–6 choreographed songs spread throughout the film's length.[249]
The demands of a multicultural, increasingly globalised Indian audience often led to a mixing of various local and international musical traditions.[249]Local dance and music nevertheless remain a time tested and recurring theme in India and have made their way outside of India's borders with its diaspora.[249] Playback singers such asMohammad Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar drew large crowds with national and international film music stage shows.[249] The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st saw extensive interaction between artists from India and the western world.[250]Artists from Indian diaspora blended the traditions of their heritage to those of their country to give rise to popular contemporary music.[250] Within India also, the number of singers have increased so much that music lovers are no longer able to identify a singer on the basis of his or her voice.[251]
Film location in India
In filmmaking, a location is any place where a film crew will be filming actorsand recording their dialog. A location where dialog is not recorded may be considered as a second unitphotography site. Filmmakers often choose to shoot on location because they believe that greater realism can be achieved in a "real" place, however location shooting is also often motivated by the film's budget. However, many films shoot interior scenes on a sound stage and exterior scenes on location.
Awards
This section lists the most important film awards given for Indian cinema by national and state authorities.
Awards
This section lists the most important film awards given for Indian cinema by national and state authorities.
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Below are the major non-governmental (private) awards.
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Film Institutes in India
Several institutes, both government run and private, provide formal education in various aspects of filmmaking. Some of the prominent ones include:
- AJK Mass Communication Research Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
- Annapurna International School of Film and Media, Hyderabad
- Arya Film and Television Academy, Jaipur
- Asian Academy of Film & Television
- Biju Pattnaik Film and Television Institute of Odisha
- BOFTA - Blue Ocean Film and Television Academy, Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
- Centre for advanced media studies, Patiala
- City Pulse Institute of Film & Television, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
- Department of Culture & Media studies, Central University of Rajasthan
- Film and Television Institute of India(FTII), Pune
- Government Film and Television Institute, Bangalore[253]
- L. V. Prasad Film & TV Academy,Chennai[254]
- Madras Film Institute, Chennai
- Matrikas Film School[255]
- National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad[256]
- Regional Government Film and Television Institute (RGFTI), Guwahati.
- Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, Kolkata
- Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka
- Whistling Woods International
- K R Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts (KRNNIVSA), Kottayam, Kerala[257]
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