Imphal
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 | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (November 2012) |
| Imphal City ইম্ফল | |
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| capital | |
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Imphal City
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| Coordinates: 24.82°N 93.95°ECoordinates: 24.82°N 93.95°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Manipur |
| District | Imphal West, Imphal East |
| Elevation | 786 m (2,579 ft) |
| Population (2011 census) | |
| • Total | 264,986 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Meiteilon (Manipuri) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| PIN | 795xxx |
| Telephone code | 3852 |
| Website | www.imphalwest.nic.in |
The ruins of the old Palace of Kangla are located in the heart of the town, surrounded by a moat. Kangla Fort used to be the home of the paramilitary force, the Assam Rifles, until November 2004 when it was handed over to the state of Manipur by Prime MinisterDr. Manmohan Singh. The Polo Ground, which is the oldest remaining polo ground in the world, is another notable feature of the town.[citation needed] Near the Polo Ground is the Manipur State Museum, which has a collection of old artefacts and pictures depicting the history of Manipur. 'Ima Keithel' at Khwairamband Bazar is the only market in the world where, as the name suggests (Ima-Mother, Keithel-Market), all the stalls are run by women.[citation needed]
In 1944, during World War II, the Battle of Imphal and the Battle of Kohima were the turning points in the Burma Campaign. For the first time in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II, the Japanese lost the initiative to the Allies who retained it until the end of the war.[citation needed]
On 18 June 1997, the Imphal district was split into Imphal East and Imphal West.
Contents
[hide]History[edit]
Early history[edit]
Originally ruled by King Khaba, the throne of Imphal was later ceded by the Pakhangba leaders. It was here that the powerful clan of Ningthouja tribe originated. With time, the Ningthouja tribe expanded their dominion over the land, and emerged as one of the most influential groups in the field of politics and warfare. The Kangla palace, which is the pride of Manipur, was built by King Khagemba and his son Khunjaoba but was later destroyed by the British during the Anglo-Manipuri War. During the reign of Maharaja Bhagyachandra, the region witnessed several Burmese invasions. However, with the help of Maharaj Gambhir Singh and the forces of Manipur, Kangla was liberated from the incursion of the Burmese army.
British Rule[edit]
The region remained peaceful until the intrusion of the British officials in 1891. Due to the internal differences between the members of the royal family, the British decided to intervene and sort out the problem by sending Mr. J.W. Quinton to negotiate the matter. However, matters grew worse and Senapati Tikendrajit had to be banished from the capital. This in turn led to the first Anglo-Manipur war in 1891. The undeclared autocratic rule over the Manipur by the British angered the local people. In the following year, the Anglo-Manipur war broke out between the British and the Manipuri commander-in-chief. The British forces attacked the palace and gunned down the walls of the Kangal fort. After the capture of the state in 1891, Manipur remained as a part of the British rule until Indian Independence.
Geography and climate[edit]
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Imphal is the capital of Manipur, located at 24.82°N 93.95°E.[2] It has an average elevation of 786 metres (2,579 ft). It is located in the extreme east of India.
Imphal has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa),[3] with a mild dry winter and a hot monsoon season. July is the hottest month with temperatures averaging around 32 °C (90 °F), while January is the coldest with average lows near 4 °C (39 °F). The city gets about 1,320 mm (52 in) of rain, with June being the wettest month.
The highest recorded temperature was 34.5 °C (94.1 °F) and the last time happened was in 2012, while the lowest recorded temperature was 6.2 °C (43.2 °F) on February, 1968.[1]
| [hide]Climate data for Imphal | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 24.8 (76.6) | 27 (81) | 30.8 (87.4) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.8 (91) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.9 (89.4) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.1 (88) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.8 (76.6) | 30.02 (86.05) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) | 16.3 (61.3) | 20 (68) | 22.7 (72.9) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 22.8 (73) | 19 (66) | 15.6 (60.1) | 21.09 (69.95) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.8 (37) | 6.4 (43.5) | 11.7 (53.1) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.5 (65.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 11.7 (53.1) | 6 (43) | 1.8 (35.2) | 10.93 (51.68) |
| Precipitationmm (inches) | 11.7 (0.461) | 30.8 (1.213) | 91.6 (3.606) | 132.7 (5.224) | 158.6 (6.244) | 224.9 (8.854) | 222.8 (8.772) | 194.8 (7.669) | 147.3 (5.799) | 111.5 (4.39) | 46 (1.81) | 15.1 (0.594) | 1,387.8 (54.636) |
| Avg. rainy days | 1.2 | 3.3 | 6.6 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 13 | 9.9 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 1 | 97.2 |
| Source #1: IMD (period: 1971-2000)[1] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Climate-Data.org for mean temperatures (altitude: 779m)[3] | |||||||||||||
Landmarks of Imphal[edit]
Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple Complex[edit]
Major site of religious as well as of tourist attraction, this temple complex is known for annual BOR festival, during the Durga pooja time in September or October
Jama Masjid[edit]
This a holy place of the Muslims living in Imphal. This well-constructed masjid is the only masjid inside Imphal market. It is located on the bank of the Nambul River. The other major mosques in Imphal are Porompat Mosque, Hatta Jama masjid, Golapati masjid and Babupura Masajid.
Shree Govindajee Temple[edit]
This place was considered to be the highest place for any cultural activity during the times of the Maharajas. Located at a place near the Royal palace of past Maharajas, it has two domes and a raised congregation hall to keep the sacred deities in their place, aloof and high.
War Cemeteries[edit]
The cemeteries are the seats of remembrance for the British and Indian soldiers who fought and died in the Second World War.
Women's Market or Ima Keithel[edit]
The market stalls are all run by women and it is reported as being the only such market in the world.[4]
Transport[edit]
Air[edit]
Imphal Airport is located 8km south of the city.[5] Imphal airport's name is Tulihal Airport. There are reports that the regional airport will be converted into an International airport from July 2013. The capital of Manipur is well connected by different airlines which offers services to major cities like Delhi, Kolkotta, Guwahati etc. and also to regional airports like Agartala, Silcher, Aizawl and Jorhat. The main airlines operating out of the airport are Air India, Indigo, Jet Airways, Alliance Air, Jetlite and North East Shuttle. Heavy constructions for International Terminal is on and a vast expanse of land is being acquired around the airport for expansion of the runway to meet International standard. There are plans to connect Imphal with cities of Myanmar like Rangoon, Mandalay and Bankok in Thailand. Imphal Airport is connected well with the city center by Imphal Churachandpur State Highway which is also called Tiddim road.
Railways[edit]
In October 2012, India's Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure approved the extension of the Jiribam-Silchar railway link up to Imphal. The extended railway link is expected to reach Imphal by March 2016.[6] Manipur Government will set up five new police stations to provide security to the ongoing railway project in the State.
Demographics[edit]
As of 2001,[7] Imphal West had a population of 439,532. Population is split up evenly between men and women, each constituting 50% of the population. Imphal has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84% and female literacy is 74%. In Imphal, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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