Freight traffic on Indian Railways
Importance of Freight traffic
- Freight traffic is the major source of revenue for Indian Railways.
- Only one-third of the 13000 trains running daily on IR are freight trains, but it accounts 65% of total revenue of IR.
- Railway Freight traffic is vital for economic and industrial progress of the country.
- Raw materials from producing centers to factories and finished/semi-finished products from factories to consumption areas or ports for export has to be carried. Eg: Coal reserves from Bengal and Bihar has to be transported to thermal and steel plants all over the country.
Share of traffic carried over rail/road
Freight
|
Passenger
| |||
Rail
|
Road
|
Rail
|
Road
| |
1950-51
|
89%
|
11%
|
80%
|
20%
|
2000-01
|
36%
|
64%
|
20%
|
80%
|
Goods Traffic on IR for the Year 2010-11
- Net tonne Kilometres - 626,473
- Originating Tonnage - 926.4 (in Millions)
Diversion of freight traffic
- Taking into overall cost of transport road transport is generally economical only for short hauls only.
Railways plays dominant role for meeting transport requirement for the following reasons:
- More energy efficient: Using same quantity of fuel Railways carry more than 6 times the traffic that could be carried by road. Thus it reduces the burden on foreign exchange.
- Less pollution : Railways are more environment friendly especially for electric traction.
- Better Land use
Goods operations Points
- Loading/unloading points viz, station platforms, goods sheds and sidings which maybe private, assisted or railways owned.
- Sections through which various kinds of goods trains are run to carry the traffic from originating to destination points.
- Intermediate marshalling yards where goods trains are received, reformed and dispatched.
- Transhipment points where goods are transshipped from one gauge to another.
- Control organization which is responsible for planning, organizing and monitoring of goods operation as well as passenger traffic.
Units of Loading
- Smalls traffic ie, less than wagon load.
- Wagon load.
- Full train load
- Containers
Discontinuance of less than wagon load
IR discontinued booking of less than wagon load as it was neither convenient nor economical for following reasons.
- Wagon space is poorly utilized as waiting for full wagon delays the dispatch of consignment.
- Repeated handling of goods leading to claims.
- Cumbersome documentation.
- Van Goods trains which carry the consignments may have poor average speeds due to detention at stations for loading/unloading or shunting and hence poor utilization of Rolling stock and Line Capacity.
Booking of Train load Traffic
- Rail Transport is most cost effective where traffic is moved in point to point train loads without the need of shunting/sorting enroute.
- Major commodities forming 90% of goods traffic are amenable to be moved in train loads.
Steps taken to encourage train load traffic
- Quoting reduced rates for train loads.
- Encouraging collieries and major users of coal like thermal power houses to have their sidings suitably strengthened/ extended to ensure full rake loading.
- To set up coal dumps at nodal points for small consumers.
- To encourage steel authorities to set up steel stock yards so that full train loads of iron and steel products could move from steel plants to stock yards.
- Encourage oil companies to install full rake sidings at loading/unloading points for POL trains.
- Ensure Jumpo rakes consisting of covered Roller Bearing CBC wagons are provided for laoding and transport of commodities such as foodgrains, cement and fertilizers.
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