You have a lot of great answers here, but there is one person not featured here who definately deserves a mentioning (if not the winner on the list):
Jacob Fugger - aka Jacob the Rich
Worth $400+ Billion
Never heard of him? Don’t worry, outside of the German state of Bavaria this name won’t ring too many bells. But according to American historian
Greg Steinmetz he was the richest man in history.
So what did he do?
In short: Banking for the Emperor and Pope. He pulled his strings all around Europe in th 16th century. But he also made his money with minting, mining, textile trade and information. He was the first person who had his own Bloomberg or CNBS network available. And some of his doings are still around today. The most famous:
The Swiss Guard for the Pope
Everyone thinks of the Swiss Guard being this elite unit who will give their lifes for the pope. That is true today, but it didnt’t start out that way. Back in 1506 Fugger hired Swiss mercenaries who were famous for their military capabilities. They weren’t hired for honor or because they were devout catholics. They were hired by Fugger so they could defend one of his biggest investments which came under attack in Rome. It was risk assurance - nothing more.
Charity - The Fuggerei
He also was a very charitiable person. This peaked when he built the
“Fuggerei”. The Fuggerei is till this day the oldest social housing in the world dates back to 1516. It stands in his home town: The Bavarian city of
Augsburg in Germany. That is 500 years and still in operation! There is still so much money left from his company that the trust running the Fuggerei will able to uphold it vor at least another 500 years. People living there only need to pay a years rent of one Rheinish Gulden (about 1$ per year!), be roman catholic, pray 3x a day for the Fugger family and and have become indigent without debt.
Alot of people heard about the Rothschilds, Rockefeller, Medicis or Borgias. But Jacob kind of got lost in history - until now at least.
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