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India (
i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[12][c] is a country inSouth Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengalon the south-east, it shares land borders withPakistan to the west;[d] China, Nepal, andBhutan to the north-east; and Burma (Myanmar) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India'sAndaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[12][c] is a country inSouth Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengalon the south-east, it shares land borders withPakistan to the west;[d] China, Nepal, andBhutan to the north-east; and Burma (Myanmar) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India'sAndaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisationand a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.[13] Four religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, andSikhism—originated here, whereasZoroastrianism and the Abrahamic religionsof Judaism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century andadministered directly by the United Kingdomafter the Indian Rebellion of 1857, India became an independent nation in 1947 after astruggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
The Indian economy is the world's seventh-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).[9] Followingmarket-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption,malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare, and terrorism. A nuclear weapons state and aregional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks ninth in military expenditure among nations. India is afederal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of29 states and 7 union territories. India is apluralistic, multilingual, and a multi-ethnic society. It is also home to a diversity ofwildlife in a variety of protected habitats.
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